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The Jantar Mantar monument of Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments, built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh, and completed in 1738 CE.〔〔(The Jantar Mantar at Jaipur, India ) Portal to the Heritage of Astronomy, in partnership with UNESCO World Heritage Site〕 It features the world's largest stone sundial, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal of Jaipur, the monument features masonry, stone and brass instruments that were built using astronomy and instrument design principles of ancient Hindu Sanskrit texts, and with data from Islamic astronomy during the Mughal Empire.〔 The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye. The monument expresses architectural innovations, as well as the coming together of ideas from different religious and social beliefs in 18th century India.〔 The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations.〔〔 The monument features instruments operating in each of the three main classical celestial coordinate systems: the horizon-zenith local system, the equatorial system and the ecliptic system.〔 The ''Kapala Yantraprakara'' is one that works in two systems and allows transformation of the coordinates directly from one system to the other. The monument was damaged in the 19th century. Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District.〔Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 81, p. 257〕 ==Name== The name is derived from jantar (yantra, Sanskrit: यन्त्र, "instrument, machine"), and ''mantar'' (from ''mantrana'', Sanskrit: मन्त्रण, "consult, calculate"). Therefore ''Jantar Mantar'' literally means 'calculation instrument'.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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